man manual-page
— the manual page usually goes by the same name as the command whose documentation is sought. For example, to learn about the possible options for the cp
command, you would type the man cp
command at the shell prompt (see sidebar 基本 shell,命令列解譯器).
read
command has the same name as the read
system call. This is why manual pages are organized in numbered sections:
/dev/
資料夾);
read
系統呼叫的文件時,應鍵入 man 2 read
。未指定區塊時,將顯示第一個找到同名的手冊頁面。因此,man shadow
送回 shadow(5) 因為在區塊 1 至 4 都沒有 shadow 的手冊頁面。
apropos
命令,協助搜尋手冊頁面,或其簡短說明。每個手冊頁面都有一行簡要的摘要。apropos
送回手冊頁面鍵詞清單。選擇適當的鍵詞,就能找到命令的名稱。
範例 7.1. 找尋 cp
使用 apropos
$
apropos "copy file"
cp (1) - copy files and directories cpio (1) - copy files to and from archives hpcopy (1) - copy files from an HFS+ volume install (1) - copy files and set attributes ntfscp (8) - copy file to an NTFS volume.
man
command is not the only means of consulting the manual pages, since khelpcenter
and konqueror
(by KDE) and yelp
(under GNOME) programs also offer this possibility. There is also a web interface, provided by the man2html
package, which allows you to view manual pages in a web browser. On a computer where this package is installed, use this URL after following the instructions in /usr/share/doc/man2html/README.Debian
:
manpages.debian.org
service. It offers each manual page in multiple versions, one for each Debian release.
info
) 有點複雜。建議使用 pinfo
取代之 (來自 pinfo 套件)。
pinfo
檢視,顯示第一層的節點。通常節點名稱等同於命令名稱。
pinfo
navigating between these nodes is easy to achieve with the arrow keys. Alternatively, you could also use a graphical browser, which is a lot more user-friendly. Again, konqueror
and yelp
work; the info2www
package also provides a web interface.
man
頁面系統可以翻譯。info 文件幾乎都是英文。雖然如此,當您詢問 pinfo
程式顯示不存在的 info 頁面時,實際上卻回到 man 的同名 (若存在的話) 頁面,那是可以翻譯的。
README
檔案,內容是有趣或重要的資訊。此文件安裝在 /usr/share/doc/套件名稱/
資料來內 (套件名稱 表示該套件的名稱)。若文件特大,可能沒辦法放在程式的主套件內,可能放在名為 套件名稱-doc
的離線專屬套件。再從主套件建議讀取文件套件。
/usr/share/doc/package/
directory also contains some files provided by Debian which complete the documentation by specifying the package's particularities or improvements compared to a traditional installation of the software. The README.Debian
file also indicates all of the adaptations that were made to comply with the Debian Policy. The changelog.Debian.gz
file allows the user to follow the modifications made to the package over time: it is very useful to try to understand what has changed between two installed versions that do not have the same behavior. Finally, there is sometimes a NEWS.Debian.gz
file which documents the major changes in the program that may directly concern the administrator (see 節 6.7.2, “處理升級後的問題”).
debian
以限制搜尋的方向。
Homepage
field in the package's meta-information (apt show package
). Alternately, the package description may contain a link to the program's official website. If no URL is indicated, look at /usr/share/doc/package/copyright
. The Debian maintainer generally indicates in this file where they got the program's source code, and this is likely to be the website that you need to find. If at this stage your search is still unfruitful, consult a free software directory, such as FSF's Free Software Directory, or search directly with a search engine, such as Google, DuckDuckGo, Yahoo, etc.